Type II Diabetes - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 483 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/04/22 Category Health Essay Level High school Tags: Diabetes Essay Did you like this example? The day start with waking up and getting out of bed. Followed by heading to the bathroom to check the blood sugar. If the reading is too high, then an injection of insulin is needed to lower the blood sugar. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Type II Diabetes" essay for you Create order Once breakfast has been eaten, then check the blood sugar again to make sure the blood is in normal range. One can check the blood sugar up to 6 8 times a day. Technically has improved over the year, so that it is a little easier to check the blood sugar. This is repeated daily as this is the life of a person with diabetes mellitus, also known as type II Diabetes. I know, because this has been my daily routine for over twenty year. I was first diagnosed with type II Diabetes over twenty years ago and to say I did not take the disease serious as first is an understatement. But through the year, I have slowly managed the disease and come to term with this disease. However, every day is always going to be content battle with the disease It is something that one must learn to live with. Type II diabetes is a disease that affects millions of people worldwide every day. Type II diabetes mainly affects adult. However, with the rise of childhood obesity, you people are developing the disease as well. There is no cure for the disease, the disease can be managed. There are two main types of diabetes, Type I and Type II. The essay will only be covering type II diabetes. To understand diabetes, one must first find out what is the cause of the disease. Type II diabetes is when the body has unusually high blood sugar. This is caused when the body stops making insulin and using insulin correctly. The pancreas produces insulin, which regulates how much glucose (which is a type of sugar) is passed from the blood into cells. Insulin is used as an energy source. 1 What are some of the signs and symptoms of type II diabetes? These will vary from person to person. One common symptom is always feeling hunger (No matter how much a person eats the feeling of hunger is always there). Another common symptom is always feeling thirsty (drinking a lot of water) and continuously having to use the bathroom. Weight loss and being extremely tired can also be attributed to onset of type II diabetes. Sores that dont heal quickly and constantly having an infection is a sign of type II diabetes. In some cases of diabetes area in the skin can become darker and a person can suffer from blurred vision. One of the rarest signs of type II diabetes is loss of conscious. Some people get all the above symptoms, and some may only get one or two. The important thing is to pay attention to what your body is trying to tell you. 2.

Okonkwo as Classic Greek Hero in Chinua Achebes Things...

Okonkwo as Classic Greek Hero in Things Fall Apart A sense of foreboding envelops us from the first. We sense all will not end well for Umuofia. The chill of fear grips us as the world of Okonkwo and his clan truly falls apart. Okonkwo will need all of his power to fight the forces against his world, but tragically he is crippled by the most destructive malady of all, fear of himself. Achebe employs the form of classical Greek tragedy to tell his African tale of the rise and fall of Okonkwo. This most fearsome warrior has proven himself from the youngest age as worthy of honor and respect. He is driven by his fathers legacy of shame and has no use for unsuccessful men. But as he projects his image of strength, we†¦show more content†¦He is victorious in wrestling, providing wealth for his family, and achieving honorary titles. We recognize his ambition, his drive to be the best- his implied excellence. In these introductory chapters, we understand the problem for the hero and his society- change is coming, but the hatred of his father and the resulting anger and fear have afflicted Okonkwo. His flaw will be his downfall in coping with the changes to come. Okonkwo fears for his disturbingly weak son, Nyowe, and teaches him with his stories- masculine stories of violence and bloodshed. (p. 53) But Nyowe prefers the stories of his mother- stories which teach wisdom rather than action. Nyowe knows that it pleases his father to listen to his stories, but it is apparent that Nyowe is a thinking person. As Nyowe absorbs the shock of Ikemefunas death, we feel the first break in the solidarity of the clan. .Nyowe knew that Ikemefuna had been killed, and something seemed to give way inside him, like the snapping of a tightened bow. (p. 61) Nyowe is forming his own impressions of the rituals of his society. We sense that the death of Ikemefuna has been a turning point in the story. The sense of foreboding grows. We know the inevitability of disaster now; the crisis is developing. Okonkwo has ignored the advice of Ezeudu, the wise man inserted in the tale in traditional Greek form. Although he was warned, Okonkwo kills the boy to show his strength, his bravery,Show MoreRelated Okonkwos Tragic Flaws in Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart Essay3094 Words   |  13 Pagesparticular individuals or those they influence. Classic characters, like Odysseus and Oedipus for instance, exemplify the excess of some positive character trait, like pride or honesty, which ironically leads to their personal misfortune. Throughout literary history, particularly within Grecian writings and apparently still evident in todays international pieces, there exists continuity within the human fear of failure. Chinua Achebes novel, Things Fall Apart, details a remote native African societyRead MoreThe Tragic Hero Of Chinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1522 Words   |  7 PagesAristotle, a Greek philosopher, defines a tragic hero â€Å"as a person of noble or high status who displays a tragic flaw hamartia, and experiences a dramatic reversal peripateia. In addition, his downfall is often preceded by self-realization†. In Things Fall Apart, the author uses Okonkwo, to illustrate the downfall of pre-colonial Ibo society. In the beginning, Okonkwo was destined for greatness. He was strong, economically stable, and had a huge influence over the village’s affairs. One may sayRead MoreEssay on Things Fall Apart, by Chinua Achebe3009 Words   |  13 Pagescolonized societies and the ways in which wr iters articulate that identity. Things Fall Apart is a good novel that serves as a reminder of what Nigeria once was. It shows how a society can deal with change, how change affects the individuals of that society, and how delicate a change can be; so much so that the people themselves are surprised at the change. Things Fall Apart is an English novel by the Nigerian author Chinua Achebe which was published in 1957. Throughout the book the role of customsRead More The Role of Women in Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart Essay3614 Words   |  15 Pages More than those of any other African writer, Chinua Achebe’s writings have helped to develop what is known as African literature today. And the single book which has helped him to launch his revolution is the classic, Things Fall Apart.   The focus of this essay includes: 1) Achebes portraiture of women in his fictional universe, the existing sociocultural situation of the period he is depicting, and the factors in it that condition male attitudes towards women; 2) the consequences of the absence

Two factors which affected the Stuart economy of 1600-1660 Free Essays

The Stuart economy is always difficult to analyse. Unfortunately due to incomplete records we only have a rough idea of the economic growth that England underwent during this era. For example we do not have fully accurate records that state the exact population size at the time. We will write a custom essay sample on Two factors which affected the Stuart economy of 1600-1660 or any similar topic only for you Order Now We also therefore do not have accurate records on the economy either but from parish records and events during this period it is still possible to make informed conclusions on what the economy was like, and the factors that stimulated it. The first thing that is important to study when discussing the economy is the population size. According to records found in parishes at the time population was generally on the increase and rose from 4 to 5 million between 1600 and 1660. However although the population did rise considerably it was certainly not a steady increase and went through phases of decline as well as increase. Surprisingly, according to information now available, some year’s burial rates were actually higher than baptism rates, suggesting a population decline. However due to the fact that these records are sometimes incomplete it is not possible to give completely accurate figures about the changes in population during this era. Some historians argue that these changes in population growth point to the fact that the Stuart economy was vastly agrarian. This theory is widely accepted as being true, it successfully answers the reason for very drastic changes in the population size in some areas as agrarian economy can be easily dislocated by bad winters and poor harvests. Also the records of bad harvests coincide with drops in population during this period, suggesting that the economy of the Stuart era was finding it very difficult to keep up with demand. In order to combat this rise in demand, farmers would need to innovate and experiment with new crops in order to compete. Some historians argue that this period due to the population increase led to a ‘farming revolution’ as there is evidence that many villages adopted the concept of enclosure in order to become more productive. This commercialisation of farming is thought by many to be more popular than the previously adopted method of subsistence farming. (Growing enough to feed you and your immediate family. ) This technique of enclosure meant farmers were able to be more productive and meet higher demands and is generally accepted as a more efficient system than subsistence farming. This enclosure method of once community owned fields is thought to be the start of early capitalism in England, the commercialisation of the fields is therefore thought to be brought about by the pressures of a population on the increase. But were farmers of this period willing to innovate, experiment and try new techniques? Evidence found in the diary of an ordinary farmer of the period is a strong argument that farmers were willing to trial new crops. Robert Loder left a diary concerning his farming and the changes he made to his techniques and crops. It is possible to assume that this ordinary farmer was one of many who experimented in order to boost their production. However it is still possible to argue that there was a strong amount of conservative farmers who did not adopt these new techniques but there is no evidence to suggest this. Some historians also use examples such as the adoption of tobacco crops in England as a key piece of evidence for how adventuress and innovative farmers could be once convinced of the potential of the new farming enterprise. Despite the evidence presented for innovation and experimentation there is strong evidence that suggests that farmers struggled to keep up with demand. Sources found for some areas of England suggest that there were huge rises in prices during this period due to inflation. This evidence is known as the Phelps Brown price index. Although this is one of the most commonly used sources, due to lack of information it only covers certain areas of England, mainly the south meaning that it is hard to generalise these price rises across England however it is the best information available. This rise in prices is evidence suggesting that the farmers of the Stuart economy had great difficulty despite all their innovation and experimentation to keep up with demand. However some historians still disagree. So the key question still unanswered is whether the farmers were able to keep up with constantly growing demand. Obviously it is highlighted by bad harvests how susceptible the agrarian economy was to very cold long winters and the obvious problems this could create. However equally it can be argued that through innovation and experimentation farmers managed to meet demand, however evidence of heavy inflation during the Stuart period leads many historians to the conclusion that resources were scarce and that the economy due to reliance on uncontrollable variables such as weather was not able to keep up with demand. However on the other hand it is argued by some that the farmers willingness to implement new techniques and methods of farming lead to increased productivity and was able to keep up with increased demand. However due to lack of concrete evidence this issue is still in many historians’ opinions open to interpretation. Another key factor in the development of the Stuart economy was industry. Although industry only made up for around 10% of the economy it is still an important area to analyse to have a full understanding of the economic changes to took place in the Seventeenth century. Firstly it is commonly thought that the English industrial techniques were inferior to those of Europe. Most goods were thought to have been produced at home and sold locally. This technique of production suggests an undeveloped industry in England, however these limitations in manufacturing were overcome via exportation to the advanced Europe. The main industry in England at this time was textiles, located in East Anglia. In this period unfinished woollen cloth would be produced and then exported to other countries in order to create a finished product, such as the Netherlands who were thought to be the leading industrial nation of the times. The reason for exporting was purely because England lacked the techniques and resources to manufacture such products. As farming was the leading source of income in England it is thought that many industrial workers were involved in agriculture as well as the manufacturing of textiles. Although many combined farming with manufacturing and production some did seek industry as full-time employment usually through the ‘putting-out system’. Besides textiles England also produced coal, mainly mined in the north-east of England. As London grew in population the North East was able to produce more and more coal to meet demands, although limitations in technology prevented mining below the surface. However transporting vast quantities of coal is thought by many historians to have been a problem. Roads in this period were thought to be in quite a bad state, and therefore much of the coal mined was transported by sea. This transportation via sea is important. In order to transport such great amounts of coal England you would need a merchant fleet and Royal Navy to provide protection. Despite these measures the fleets that travelled between the North-East and London still suffered attacks during the wars England had with the Dutch. This is evident when we look at the prices of coal and see that prices doubled during this period suggesting heavy losses from attack. In conclusion it is probably right to suggest that industry looked for short-term solutions to meet the demands it faced, although no new techniques or technological advances are evident, this period did see the development of external trade, a key feature of the Stuart economy with the development of overseas colonies. However it can be argued that changes in agriculture and innovation were more significant, however it is still somewhat important to understand that the Stuart economy did not just rely on agriculture alone. 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Cyber Crime and Terrorism Free Samples †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Cyber Crime and Cyber Terrorism. Answer: Introduction Oman Insurance Company is an insurance company with headquarters in Dubai. The company was established in 1975 and since then it has grown to be one of the largest professionally managed and financially sound organization in the United Arabic Emirates. The Company is chaired by H.E Abdulaziz Abdulla Al Ghurair and the chief executive officer is Christors Adamantiadis. The OIC is a top insurance services provider to customers in the Middle East. The Company has 15 branches in every Emirate in the United Arabs Emirate, Qatar and Oman. It also has a subsidiary in Turkey. The Company has a financial strength that is rated A- by Standard Poors and an A Excellent by AM Best. In addition the company has won two prestigious Industrial Awards for the Best Commercial Lines Insurer and the Most Innovative Insurer for product in the year 2015. The OIC offers insurance solutions for corporate and individual clients in Medical, General Insurance and Life. It also provides worldwide Reinsurance services in businesses. The company is dedicated to providing a range of covers in industrial and commercial businesses. For example in Energy, construction, marine and aviation are some of the covers offered by OIC. OIC is consumer focused and goes an extra mile to tailor products to fit the needs of the consumer. The Oman Insurance company is in partnership with international insurers to make its products stronger in the market for better consumer coverage and compensation. The OIC is in partnership with the following companies; Bupa, Generali, Star health and Coface (Tameen.ae, 2016). Significant Insurance Product-Aviation Insurance The Oman Insurance underwrites the aviation sector to cover the aviation exposures in UAE and around the world. This has been as a result of Middle East becoming a hub in the recent years in the aviation activities. The Aviation Department in the Company has grown and has capacities to comprehensively satisfy the customer need in the aviation sector. The company provides two types of products in this category; General aviation and Airline. In General Aviation, the company covers all the insurance risks related to Aviation operations .for instance; the crew personal accident, crew loss of licenses, balloons and aircraft hull and liability. The Airline facility cover is provided in to compensation in case of airline fleet, product liability, airside liability, airport operators liability or ATC liability (Tameen.ae, 2016). This product is mostly offered in conjunction with other insurance companies as a reinsurance scheme. The Aviation Insurance is a significant insurance product to the Oman Insurance Company. It requires a proper underwrite to ensure that the premiums paid will match compensation in case of an event happening. This will enable the insurance company from underestimating premiums to charge the insured .If a covered aviation Company experiences a risk, the OIC is likely to compensate more than the sum of premiums paid by the insured because the cost of an aircraft is very high. Therefore, underwriting is a crucial part of the Oman insurance Company in order to keep good performance and proficiency in it businesses. Emerging Risk Cyber Crime Cyber Crime is an emerging type of crime that involves manipulation of computer and network from the normal functioning. Cyber crime is also referred to as computer crime .Actors in crime take advantage of the normal running of the computer and network systems to pursue their selfish agendas. The cyber criminals introduce malware in the computer systems, bots and other type of virus to interfere with the existing system. These computer criminals attack organizations for financial gain, political agenda and business disruption reasons (Chowbe, n.d.) .These criminals are highly skilled and are capable of using intelligence and deploying resources to execute cyber crimes. The phenomenon is yet to get legal legislation in most countries leading to lack of proper channels to prosecute the offenders (Kirti, n.d.). Cyber crimes lead to break down of systems, data manipulation and misuse of intellectual property rights in the business world. The advancement of technology has led to computeri zation and networking to be part of the business activities to increase efficiency and effectiveness. Cyber crime victims are face with significant loss and turn to insurance companies for compensation. Cyber crimes lead to most of the risk events in the aviation sector. The aviation companies are being faced with the threat of cyber crime that increases both the financial and insurance risks. With the development of the hacking aviation technology, the vulnerability of the aviation industry has increased causing more risks and uncertainties to aircrafts and operation activities (The State of Security, 2015). Aviation safety depends on the information available to make decision. Reliability and timely of the information can reduce risk .Interference with the quality of information by hackers generate more risks to the aircrafts or aircraft systems. Therefore there is a great importance of the aviation sector to protect it important information to keep off the attacks of criminals who threatens the security of the aviation sector. Cyber criminals focus on interfering with communication and existing information to pursue their malicious agendas. They can interfere with radio calls, emails and short messages to alter communication between pilots and other stakeholders in the aviation sector. They also hack existing information such as bank details, weather forecast, customer details and economic forecast to interfere with the decisions that pilot or managers make. When computer criminals interfere with communication and existing information, they increase the risk in the aviation sector (Business knowledge for IT in insurance, 2009). The aviation sector is highly facilitated by technology and cyber crime is an emerging risk that can bring the sector down in an unexpected way. Hackers in the Middle East are keeping their eyes on the industry to pursue their agendas in a region that is faced with several threats for terror and civil wars. The cyber crimes increase the chances of an insurance risk and financial risk happening. It increases the probability of accidents, losses and mismanagement of the organizations operations. This risk is lead to the ineffectiveness of the aviation insurance that is offered by OIC. The probability of occurrence is increase due to interference of the computers and network in a company. This phenomenon affects the significance of the aviation insurance. Effects of Cyber crime on Aviation Insurance policy Cyber crimes do cause several effects that lead to decrease in the performance and profitability of the aviation insurance policy in UAE. These computer criminals steal information from the aviation companies and cause the following in the significance of the aviation insurance. Threatens aircrafts safety Cyber criminals hack the aircraft complicated systems to manipulate the system control. These hackers who have knowledge and resources to engineer software that interrupt the existing aircraft software take control of the aircraft information misleading pilots onboard. Taking control of the craft gives them an avenue to act to pursue their agendas. This act leads to insecurity of aircrafts therefore endangering the lives of individuals using the vessels to travel. The performance of the aviation insurance becomes ineffective since the insurer is not able to predict the chances of an aircraft being attack because it can happen any time leading to losses (Akhgar et al., n.d.). When an aircraft is attacked, the insurer will incur a lot of money to compensate the insured for the passengers onboard. In this case the, profitability of the aviation insurance is not attainable by the insurer. Loss of the companys assets Computer criminals cause unpredictable loss of company assets. These criminals hack the aviation systems causing accidents of vessels and other operators within the insured premises. The insurer is likely to incur more cost than the premium that has been charged to the aviation companies for the insurance cover (Hedges, 1954). Aircrafts accidents are fatal and lead to complete damage of the vessel and the goods on board. When computer criminals interfere with the aviation systems, they cause great loss of assets by the aviation companies. Due to this unforeseen cyber crimes, the aviation companies end up losing properties through misleading information to pilots and management. Afterwards, the aviation company seeks compensation from the insurer. The insurer end up paying large sum of money which is greater than the reserve created by the premiums paid. Increases chances of a risk happening Cyber criminals take control of the aviation software to pursue their personal agenda leading to interruption of the normal operations of the company. When these criminals take control, they increase the chances of a risk happening .For instance, hackers can take control of an aircraft and lead to it disappearance and most probability cause accident or hijack passengers. Cyber crimes challenge premium determined in certain world since they have power to cause destruction at any time. Therefore, cyber criminals increase probability of risk happening. This scenario will lead to aviation companies filling claim to be compensated. The insurance company will have to compensate the aviation company more frequently than expected with the existing premiums they pay. Cyber crime increases the likelihood and frequency of a risk happening and thereby affecting the performance of the aviation insurance policy in the Middle East. Manipulation of information Cyber criminals interfere with the information that the pilots and managers use to make decisions. These hackers manipulate important data and information crucial for making decisions leading to poor performance or accidents in the aviation sector. Since information determines the decision one makes, unreliable information leads to poor decision in the company leading to massive losses. Pilots make wrong choices that are expensive in the end. For instance, computer criminals can manipulate the weather data or maps directions which mislead pilots making the wrong decisions that lead to accidents. Causes hijacks and terrorism Cyber crime facilitates aircraft attacks while onboard. This leads to threatening security of the passengers and increases likelihood of aircrafts accidents. The cyber criminals attack the aircraft and the aviation companies require compensation from the insurer. The rise of the computer crimes has led to increased risks in the aviation sector especially when the flight is on board. Computer criminals use navigation and communication online platforms to hack and hijack aircraft. This lead to injuries or death of passengers and destruction of the aircrafts (Banwait, 2009) .This phenomena requires compensation and the insurer has to spend more than the amount paid in the premium. Damages the reputation of a company When cyber criminals hack an aviation system, they cause inconvenience to the travelers in the aviation sector. This leads to delays and abnormality of the functionality of the organization leading to loss of reputation. Customers feel humiliated and lose trust with the company. When companies reputation is tarnished, the companies makes losses due to lack or decrease in number of travelers per period (Chowbe, n.d.) .This unforeseen unfavorable situation in the aviation company is transferred to the insurer who compensates the company. This situation caused by hackers reduces the profitability of the significance aviation insurance policy. Actually, the insurer is the one who pays for the losses incurred as a result company not making profits. Therefore, cyber criminals damage of the company reputation consequences are transferred to the insurer who offers compensation. Identity theft Computer criminals employ identity theft to access credit and bank accounts to destroy the companys credit rating and functionality. These hackers steal the companys money making them bankrupt and unable to manage their liquidity (Choo, 2011). This act leads to aviation companies encountering difficulties that lower their competences and efficiency leading to uncertainty in the organizations. The insurer who is the risk taker is engaged to pay for the financial losses incurred and other uncertainty. Cyber criminals interfere with the facts and work with imitation in their pursuit of their goals which lead to decline of the aviation technology (InfoSec Resources, 2014). This situation lead to under performance of the aviation insurance since the insurer pays more compensations than what has been collected. Protection cost The increased cyber crime is necessitating an increase in the amount of money to be used by the insurer to reinsure and insured to pay premiums. Cyber crime is increasing the rate and probability of occurrence of risk in the aviation sector. Regardless of it frequency it unavoidable to insure since it can lead to complete close down of the business. This increases the protection cost that an insurer is spending to acquire a reinsurance policy (Dillingham, 1997). The cyber crime speculation leads to insurer taking insurance policies to avoid big losses when they compensate the insured aviation companies. This reduces the profitability of the insurance product. Unpredictable premium to charge The emergence of the cyber crime in the aviation sector, has led to OIC having a hard time to calculate the possibilities and the sufficient premiums to be charged to the aviation companies. These computer criminals inconvenience the insurance company because they are not able to charge the appropriate premiums that are profitable to the company. Hackers increase the level of unseen uncertainty in the aviation sector therefore causing unpredictability from the insurer. In case of risk, the insurer is forced to obey the policy which is indirect but caused the some losses in the aviation business. Recommendations From the analysis above, I recommend the following; Training and Awareness: The OIC should embark on training and creating awareness to the insured about the rising cases of cyber crime .Creating awareness will bring the issue into the limelight and the insured will be able to take precaution measures. Additional manual procedures and control: The insurer should advice the insured to use some additional manual procedures in operations to minimize information theft from online platform. This will minimize chances of making wrong decision since there is manual backup information that cannot be stolen or manipulated by computer criminals. Web protection: The insured should practice website protection mechanism such as URL filtering to minimize cyber attacks. This will prevent malicious URL from accessing the aviation website therefore unable to cause destruction through hacking. Firewall: The insurer will have to ensure that the insured companies are using firewall that can block suspensions websites and spam from accessing the aviation company website. An up-to-date firewall will inform the insured in scenarios where the attackers are trying to access the website. Data loss prevention: The insurer is recommended to check and ensure that the insured has a data backup to prevent it loss. Having a backup will ensure that manipulations cannot interfere will the existing data .This will guarantee the companies safety in using the historical data to make decision that are free from manipulation. Anti Malware: The insured is advised to use anti malware software to avoid damages of software and information from malware. Anti malware will prevent attacks of the aviation software which can be easily misguided by these dangerous viruses. By using anti Malware, the insured online information and navigation software will not be affected henceforth avoiding loss or manipulation of aviation information. Increase premium for the industry: The insurer should have large amount of premium being paid by the aviation companies, to avoid them incurring significant losses when compensating the insured. This can be done by having premiums that can be differentiated to cater for the risk and another portion to act as a saving. By doing so, the insurer can be able to minimize the amount paid in case of a risk happening. Increasing control procedures and control: The insured will have to institute more procedures and controls in the aviation process to minimize the occurrence of an attack. By having more procedures will help the aviation companies to detect abnormality and handle the situation appropriately in case of any crime in the systems. By having these more procedures and controls, the aviation companies will reduce the risks hence an advantage to the insurer. Investing on superior software: The insured will have to invest in superior software that is not easily vulnerable to attacks from malicious cyber criminals. This will reduce the attempts or success of computer criminals from hacking the aircraft systems hence reducing the risk .High quality software will reduce frequency and probability of a risk happening. Identity access management: The aviation companies should develop and use an identification access management system to avoid customer identity theft. This software will help maintain the customer information by ensuring the users of the online information represent the true individuals and not hackers (Deloitte Belgium, 2016). This will increase trust in the company enabling better cooperation and more earnings. Reinsurance policy to cover cyber risks: It important for Oman insurance company to seek for a reinsurance policy to insure the emerging and rising numbers of cyber crimes risks in the Middle East. The cyber crime is leading to high cost of compensation that can cause significance of the aviation insurance product in the aviation sector (Venezian, 2009). This way, the insurer will be able to maintain it profitability in the business. Introducing new policies to cater for cyber crime: The insurer should introduce a new insurance policy to specifically cater for the cyber crime. Instead of having cyber crime causing risk to other insured factor and being compensated, the insurer can have an insurance policy to cover risks as a result of cyber criminals. By doing so, the insurer will be able to fix more premiums to the policy which will not exceed compensation in case the risk occurs. The government should formulate legislation to prosecute computer criminals: I also recommend that the government should institute laws that will persecute the cyber criminals once they are arrested. It is agreeable that they cause most of the aviation accidents and facilitate terrorism in the industry. Therefore, the government should go fourth and put in place all important measures to reduce cyber criminals and appropriate punishments once they are arrested. Conclusion In conclusion, the Oman Insurance Company will need to create new policies to insure cyber crime in the aviation sector. Having a policy for cyber crime differentiated with other insurance policies will enable balancing the significance of the aviation insurance policy. It is evident that the cyber crime is on the rise and cannot be assumed due to it significant loss and uncertainty level. Hence, it better dealt with. By taking into consideration the factors outlined in this papers and adopting it recommendations, the insurer (OIC) will be able to charge premiums that will cater for the compensation without the insurance company incurring losses. Therefore, the emergence and rise of the cyber crime requires a special focus to mitigate it ability to increase risk in an aviation sector and cause significance of the aviation insurance cover. References Akhgar, B., Staniforth, A., Bosco, F., Elliot, S., Rearick, B., Kumaraguruparan, P. and Rogers, M. (n.d.). Cyber crime and cyber terrorism investigator's handbook. Tameen.ae. (2016). Aviation Insurance Company | Oman Insurance Company. [online] Available at: https://www.tameen.ae/en/for-businesses/aviation/aviation-insurance [Accessed 25 Aug. 2016]. Insurancejournal.com. (2016). [online] Available at: https://www.insurancejournal.com/news/international/2015/09/16/381806.htm [Accessed 25 Aug. 2016]. Axe, L. (1931). Aviation insurance ... [New York]: Insurance Institute of America, Incorporated. Banwait, S. (2009). Insurance and crime. New Delhi, India: Cyber Tech Publications. Choo, K. (2011). Cyber threat landscape faced by financial and insurance industry. Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology. Chowbe, V. (n.d.). An Introduction to Cyber Crime: General Considerations. SSRN Electronic Journal. Deloitte Belgium. (2016). Identity access management | Deloitte Belgium | Risk | ERS, security, privacy, resiliency. [online] Available at: https://www2.deloitte.com/be/en/pages/risk/solutions/identity-access-management.html [Accessed 25 Aug. 2016]. InfoSec Resources. (2014). Cyber Threats against the Aviation Industry - InfoSec Resources. [online] Available at: https://resources.infosecinstitute.com/cyber-threats-aviation-industry/ [Accessed 25 Aug. 2016]. Erm-academy.org. (2016). Cybercrime as the New Security Threat in the Middle East | ERMA - Enterprise Risk Management Academy. [online] Available at: https://erm-academy.org/publication/risk-management-article/cybercrime-new-security-threat-middle-east [Accessed 25 Aug. 2016]. Guaranteed renewability in insurance. (1996). Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, 17(3), pp.242-243. Hedges, B. (1954). Principles of financial analysis of underwriting expenses in property insurance. Houston, D. (1964). Risk, Insurance, and Sampling. The Journal of Risk and Insurance, 31(4), p.511. Kirti, S. (n.d.). Cyber Crime. SSRN Electronic Journal. Korchenko, O., Vasiliu, Y. and Gnatyuk, S. (2010). Modern quantum technologies of information security against cyber terrorist attacks. Aviation, 14(2), pp.58-69. MacMinn, R. (1987). Insurance and Corporate Risk Management. The Journal of Risk and Insurance, 54(4), p.658. MacMinn, R. (2005). On Corporate Risk Management and Insurance. Asia-Pacific Journal of Risk and Insurance, 1(1) Petroni, A. (2000). Aviation insurance management: Contemporary issues, problems and future trends. Technology, Law and Insurance, 5(3-4), pp.117-124. Pricing aviation insurance. (2006). Strategic Direction, 22(6), pp.16-17. Sahoo, S. and Das, S. (2009). Insurance management. Mumbai: Himalaya Pub. House. Security Middle East. (2015). Cybercrime one of the biggest Middle East security threats. [online] Available at: https://securitymiddleeast.com/2015/01/05/cybercrime-one-biggest-middle-east-security-threats/ [Accessed 25 Aug. 2016]. Tameen.ae. (2016). Corporate Profile - Oman Insurance Company- About Us. [online] Available at: https://www.tameen.ae/en/about-us/corporate-profile [Accessed 25 Aug. 2016]. The State of Security. (2015). Hacking Aviation Technology: Vulnerability Disclosure and the Aviation Industry. [online] Available at: https://www.tripwire.com/state-of-security/security-data-protection/security-hardening/hacking-aviation-technology-vulnerability-disclosure-and-the-aviation-industry/ [Accessed 25 Aug. 2016]. Venezian, E. (2009). Some Comments on Catastrophe Risk Management and Insurance. Asia-Pacific Journal of Risk and Insurance, 4(1). Vercammen, J. (2001). Optimal Insurance with Nonseparable Background Risk. The Journal of Risk and Insurance, 68(3), p.437.

Public School vs. Private School Education

Introduction The choice of the best school is the eternal problem for all parents. Many debates have occurred on this basis. Public and private schools vary in numerous aspects. Nevertheless, the most significant reason for parents’ choice of public schools is the cost of studying at private schools. Although public schools are free for all students, private schools are better for pupils because of the profound approach to studying and the effective environment for education.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Public School vs. Private School Education specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The comparison of public and private schools The determination of the best type of school can be rather a challenging task. There are both advantages and disadvantages in the public and private sector of education. It is necessary to compare the schools on the basis of several significant factors. Quality of education The school program and teachers’ qualifications predetermine the quality of teaching. Thus, public schools should follow the standards defined by the national curriculum. Private schools can offer a wider choice of subjects to be taught. For instance, some schools include specific topics in their programs such as sexual or religious education of children. Some parents may choose the particular school because its basis meets their principles and understanding of the world. Besides, the teacher in private schools is free to choose thy ways of presenting new material. However, some subjects such as mathematics, history, and science are obligatory in both types of schools. Private schools demonstrate the better quality of education because of their admission standards. Private schools accept students who pass necessary tests and prove that they have the desired level of knowledge. Such a selection enhances the quality expectations. Public schools have to accept all students regardless of t he level of their knowledge. Very often, this fact impedes the achievement of good academic results (Kennedy par. 6). Exposure to violence The level of violence in public schools is of primary concern to principals. There have been many cases of shooting in public schools. Consequently, public schools have to work on their security measures. It is also difficult to monitor the intentions and activities of all students in public schools. On the contrary, private schools are considered to be safer than public. It can be explained by several facts. As far as private schools do not have to accept all students, the risk for dangerous behaviors is lower. Also, it is easier to supervise pupils in private schools because they are less in number.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Class size The number of students who are taught is significant for the efficiency of education. In public schools, a lmost thirty students go to one class. Teachers face difficulty in approaching and engaging every student. The time devoted to the lesson is not enough for providing all pupils with opportunities to express themselves and answer. In private schools, the class is comprised of no more than twenty students. Thus, teachers have the possibility to monitor the academic achievements of every pupil in the class. During the lesson, the teacher can approach every student and evaluate his or her knowledge. Consequently, the teacher notices students who need more attention and can help them to catch up with others. Social development The school environment influences the social and moral development of students drastically. This environment includes the social support, the educational programs, relations with other peers, and teachers’ approaches to the presentation of new material. Strong relationships are essential for the efficient social development of the child. Thus, students are m ore likely to greet each other or help with different activities when they have positive feelings (National School Climate Center 1). It is rather difficult to define the type of school that is the best for the appropriate social development of children. The social development of children depends on the school environment. One cannot say that positive school environments are typical for private or public schools only. Public schools can be helpful because pupils have the possibility to communicate with many people. They can find many friends and develop positively. However, there is a risk that the students may find friends who will influence them negatively. Also, an enormous diversity of public schools’ society provides the opportunity to learn how to behave and communicate effectively in society. Private schools, at the same time, may have the better environment for the social development because of the limited number of learners. Administrators and school personnel can do their best to create the most efficient environment for pupils while it is not always possible in public schools. Cost The primary disadvantage of private school is their cost. They are much more expensive than public schools. The necessity to pay for private education limits the number of students whose parents can afford paying annual fees. Public schools are funded by local authorities and provide all students with the equal opportunity for studying.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Public School vs. Private School Education specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Conclusion A variety of aspects influences the choice of school. Private schools provide students with better academic opportunities in comparison to public one. Despite the fact that public schools require no tuition fees and can be useful for the development of social skills, private schools are better because of the high quality of education, a limited class size, and a low level of violence. Works Cited Kennedy, Robert. Comparison of Private and Public Schools. n.d. Web. National School Climate Center. School Climate and Moral and Social Development. 2013. Web. This essay on Public School vs. Private School Education was written and submitted by user Matthias Hansen to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How to Get Started on a Literature Review

How to Get Started on a Literature Review If you are an undergraduate or graduate student, there is a good chance that you will be asked to conduct at least one literature review during your coursework. A literature review is a paper, or a part of a larger research paper, that reviews the critical points of current knowledge on a particular topic. It includes substantive findings as well as theoretical and methodological contributions that others bring to the subject. Its ultimate goal is to bring the reader up to date with current literature on a topic and usually forms the basis for another goal, such as future research that needs to be done in the area or serves as part of a thesis or dissertation. A literature review should be unbiased and does not report any new or original work. Starting the process of conducting and writing a literature review can be overwhelming. Here are a few tips on how to get started that will hopefully make the process a little less daunting. Determine Your Topic When choosing a topic to research, it helps to have a clear understanding of what it is you want to research before setting out on your literature search. If you have a very broad and general topic, your literature search is likely to be very lengthy and time-consuming. For example, if your topic was simply â€Å"self-esteem among adolescents,† you will find hundreds of journal articles and it would be nearly impossible to read, comprehend, and summarize every one of them. If you refine the topic, however, to â€Å"adolescent self-esteem in relation to substance abuse,† you will narrow your search result significantly. It is also important not to be so narrow and specific to where you find fewer than a dozen or so related papers. Conduct Your Search One good place to start your literature search is online. Google Scholar is one resource that I think is a great place to start. Choose several keywords that relate to your topic and do a search using each term separately and in combination with each other. For example, if I searched for articles related to my topic above (adolescent self-esteem in relation to substance abuse), I would conduct a search for each of these words/phrases: adolescent self-esteem drug use, adolescent self-esteem drugs, adolescent self-esteem smoking, adolescent self-esteem tobacco, adolescent self-esteem cigarettes, adolescent self-esteem cigars, adolescent self-esteem chewing tobacco, adolescent self-esteem alcohol use, adolescent self-esteem drinking, adolescent self-esteem cocaine, etc. As you start the process you will find that there are dozens of possible search terms for you to use, no matter what your topic is. Some of the articles that you find will be available through Google Scholar or whichever search engine you choose. If the full article is not available via this route, your school library is a good place to turn. Most college or university libraries have access to most or all academic journals, many of which are available online. You will likely have to go through your school’s library website to access them. If you need help, contact someone at your school’s library for assistance. In addition to Google Scholar, check your school’s library website for other online databases that you could use to search for journal articles. Also, using the reference list from articles that you gather is another great way to find articles. Organize Your Results Now that you have all of your journal articles, it is time to organize them in a way that works for you so that you don’t get overwhelmed when you sit down to write the literature review. If you have them all organized in some fashion, this will make writing a lot easier. What may work for you is to organize my articles by category (one pile for articles related to drug use, one pile for those related to alcohol use, one pile for those related to smoking, etc.). Then, after you are done reading each article, summarize that article in a table that can be used for quick reference during the writing process. Below is an example of such a table. Begin Writing You should now be ready to begin writing the literature review. The guidelines for writing will likely be determined by your professor, mentor, or the journal you are submitting to if you are writing a manuscript for publication. Example of a Literature Grid Author(s) Journal, Year Subject/Keywords Sample Methodology Statistical Method Main Findings Finding Relevant to My Research Question Abernathy, Massad, and Dwyer Adolescence, 1995 Self-esteem, smoking 6,530 students; 3 waves (6th grade at w1, 9th grade at w3) Longitudinal questionnaire, 3 waves Logistic regression Among males, no association between smoking and self-esteem. Among females, low self-esteem in grade 6 led to greater risk of smoking in grade 9. Shows that self-esteem is a predictor of smoking in adolescent girls. Andrews and Duncan Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 1997 Self-esteem, marijuana use 435 adolescents 13-17 years old Questionnaires, 12-year longitudinal study (Global Self-worth subscale) Generalized estimating equations (GEE) Self-esteem mediated the relationship between academic motivation and marijuana use. Shows that decreases in self-esteem associated with increases in marijuana use.

Five factors of acceleration of globalisation Essay

Five factors of acceleration of globalisation - Essay Example These include market drivers, cost drivers, technological drivers, government or political drivers, and competitive drivers. Each of these will each be explained in detail in the following paragraphs (Campbell, Stonehouse, and Houston, 2002). There are two popular frameworks that cover the basic concepts of the drivers of globalisation. One of these is particularly relevant and will be covered here. One of the frameworks is Yip's Framework, and the other one of the frameworks is Porter's Framework. The one that will be covered in the context of this assignment is Yip's Framework, which covers four drivers of globalisation (Campbell, Stonehouse, and Houston, 2002). Yip did not believe in the two extremes that companies were either global or not global. Instead, he believed that all organizations were combinations of the two, each one being more of one than the other. His framework-or outline-allows an observer to determine specifically which parts of an organization are global and which parts have different aspects on a local level. If an organization wishes to evaluate their global strategy, analyzing Yip's Framework can play a crucial role (Campbell, Stonehouse, and Houston, 2002).. Yip argued that, "A global strategy will be global in many respects, but may also include features that are locally oriented. To achieve the benefits of globalization, the managers of a worldwide business need to recognize when industry conditions provide the opportunity to use global strategy levers (Campbell, Stonehouse, and Houston, 2002)." According to Yip, there are four drivers that that determine the extent of globalisation: market drivers, cost drivers, government drivers, and competitive drivers (Campbell, Stonehouse, and Houston, 2002). Market Globalisation Drivers The first driver of globalisation to take a look at is market drivers. "As domestic markets become more and more saturated, the opportunities for growth are limited and global expanding is a way most organizations choose to overcome this situation. Common customer needs and the opportunity to use global marketing channels and transfer marketing to some extent are also incentives to choose internationalization" (Bauernfeind, 2005, pg. 1). Market drivers have resulted in the convergence of per capita income among industrialized nations; take a look at the exchange rates across the globe for example. There has also been a convergence of lifestyles and tastes. People are demanding more high quality products and services than they ever have before, and they want them at the cheapest price, which seriously creates a problem for businesses that are attempting to make a profit. Organisations are beginning to behave as global customers. When organizations spread their operations to other countries, they have to look at finding suppliers in those areas in order to minimize their costs. There has been a notable increase in travel creating global consumers. This can perhaps be attributed to the astronomical increase in communication that came along with the growing popularity of the Internet. Regional and global channels have grown to astronomical proportions. This can be attributed once again to the growth in worldwide communication, as well as

Marketing Ethics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Marketing Ethics - Research Paper Example 104) describe marketing ethics as a dimension of social responsibility that involves principles and standards that delineate satisfactory behavior in marketing. Marketers should be careful and conscious of moral principles for tolerable behavior from numerous stand points such as the industry, company, consumers, society, and exceptional interest groups. When marketing actions diverge from the established principles, the exchange practice can collapse, resulting in consumer frustration, lack of reliance and law suits (Arnold, 2009, p. 113). An ethical issue is an identifiable dilemma that necessitates an organization or individual to decide amongst numerous procedures that must be assessed as wrong or right (Pride & Ferrell, 2011, p. 104). Any time an activity causes marketers or consumers in their target markets to feel manipulated or cheated; a marketing ethical situation exists, despite the legality of the activity. Ethical issues in marketing arise from product, distribution, pro motion, and pricing issues. The concept of segmentation and target marketing has been on the increase in the contemporary world. Market promotion and targeting can generate moral matters in a multiplicity of ways, among them forged and deceptive adverts and controlling sales advertising and targeting a market segment (Moore, 1990, p. 45). Marketers have fragmented consumer markets resulting to increased need for focused target marketing. Despite the role of recognizing and fulfilling customer wants, more target marketing has come with augmented denigration. Though target marketing is widely regarded as the embodiment of marketing conception, it has in certain cases been disparaged as unethical (Smith & Cooper-Martins, 1997, p. 1). Particularly, widespread media focus has been dedicated to the aiming of grown-up customer sections referred as susceptible with manufactured goods mulled over as damaging. This disapproval of targeting has engrossed merchandises such

The Roles of HR Managers versus Line Managers Essay

The Roles of HR Managers versus Line Managers - Essay Example 'For years, management professionals have argued whether treating workers well is good for business as well as being virtuous' (Plimmer, 2005: 9). In essence, this debate suggests that many business leaders continue to consider whether the needs of the business should be the primary goal of management or whether the employee, as a competent organisational resource, should be most important. The concept of human resources is a relatively new idea, as the establishment of a management system which actively engages and praises employees as valuable resources to organisational success is a contemporary idea much different than the historical, rigid management approach. However, many organisations still maintain a centralised leadership hierarchy, built on decision-making that is created by senior-level leadership. In this type of system, mid-level line managers are expected to coerce employees to comply with a rigid set of guidelines in the pursuit of sustaining strategic organisational goals. In such an environment, the employee is often overlooked as human capital and viewed more as merely a labourer. However, it appears that businesses are turning away from rigid controls and establishing a system of managerial professionals which act as employee champions; or those managers who actively pursue methods to establish stronger employee/business relationships and build on positive employee attributes to boost organisational performance. This might well be termed as the philosophy behind the establishment of HR policies.

Controversial Nature Of The Subject Of Sufism Religion Essay

Controversial Nature Of The Subject Of Sufism Religion Essay Before tenth century there had been started a new emphasis began to develop within the religion of Islam. This emphasis was a reaction against the prevailing impersonal and formal nature of Islam. For many Muslims the sharia, while seen as necessary, failed to satisfy their deepest spiritual longings and desires. The search for deeper meaning led to the development of the popular mystical side of Islam known as tasawwuf or Sufism. The controversial nature of the subject of Sufism becomes evident when one realizes that this short introduction already reveals a viewpoint which the Sufi would strongly disagree with. For, if the Sufi spiritual quest is to be viewed as legitimate, even within Islam itself, it must be rooted in the Quran and the Sunna of Muhammad. (p.b.u.h) In defense of Sufi legitimacy, some Muslims argue that it was simply a response to the growing materialism in the Islamic world. However, this argument skirts the basic reason for Sufism, as during early Islamic times under Muhammads (p.b.u.h) leadership, wealth was enjoyed and served as a great motivation for the military expansion of Islam. Muslims, at the time, followed a legal system allowing unbridled materialism, though they were fully observant of the present religious doctrine. The formal and legal nature of the Islamic system never addressed the issue of materialism, and as a result was seen as inadequate by those who became Sufis in their search for deeper spirituality. Sufism has inclined many Muslims, and is, especially in the West, represent and regarded as a valuable and legitimate part of the Islamic faith. Fazlur Rahman, in his work Islam, says that considerable ink has been spent by modern scholarship on the origins of Sufism in Islam, as to how far it is genuinely Islamic and how far a product, in the face of Islam, of outside influences, particularly Christian and Gnostic. Rahman seems to hint that some of this ink has been wasted, as he concludes that outside influences must have played an accessory role and these no one may deny, but they must have supervened upon an initial native tendency. However, aside from a vague reference to the ideas of trust in and love of Allah as being a result of developments within the intellectual and spiritual life of the community, In reaction to critics, Sufis argue that tasawwuf has been present from the very initial stages of Islam, and profess to find evidence for their claims in the Sunna and the Quran. On this basis they state that tasawwuf is the batin aspect of Islam. According to Sufi principle a number of verses in the Quran provide clear support for their mysticism. Perhaps the most often quoted as a proof is Surah 24:35, Allah is the Light of Heaven and Earth! His light may be compared to a niche in which there is a lamp; the lamp is in a glass; the glass is just as if it were a glittering star kindled from a blessed olive tree, {which is} neither Eastern nor Western, whose oil will almost glow though the fire has never touched it. Light upon light, Allah guides anyone He wishes to His light. Sufism does throw in in the means of spirituality to the religion of Islam. Mounting out of the weakness of the Islamic system of faith and practice, it, however, added a aspect which has varied and further destabilized the structure of Islamic belief and practice. Reflecting on the authentication presented, and ending given, we see that to suppose Sufism, with its important concepts, is a rightful part of Islam introduces definite problems for anyone who then challenge to try to defend Islam as a logically consistent set of beliefs. For Sufism not only points to a lack of spirituality in Islam, but also contradicts orthodox Muslim teachings in the process clearly opening the door to all the worlds religions There have been a lot of aspects which should be discussed and reconsidered regarding this aspect of orthodox teachings of Islam, so I can write it is to be continued Reference Notes: Sufism, Reformed Internet Ministries Andrew Rippin, Muslims: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices (New York: Routledge, 1990), 118, 119, 120 Fazlur Rahman, Islam (London: Weidenfeld and Nicholson, 1966), 131, 148,149 Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Sufi Essays (London: George Allen and Unwin Ltd., 1972), 11-12, 15, 137, 138, 139, 147, 149 Tara Charan Rastogi, Islamic Mysticism Sufism (New Delhi: Sterling Publishers Private Ltd., 1982), 1.. Titus Burckhardt, An Introduction to Sufism (Wellingborough: The Aquarian Press, 1990), 15, 16 In Arabic Inna liLlahi wa-inna ilayhi raji un. Martin Lings, What Is Sufism? (London: George Allen Unwin Ltd., 1975), 28,32 Haqiqa refers to the inner Truth or inner Reality that Sufis believe is at the heart of Islamic revelation. William Stoddart, Sufism The Mystical Doctrines and Methods of Islam (New York: Paragon House Publishers, 1986), 41, 66,67,83,74 Eisegesis, or the practice of interpreting meaning into a passage, bears a striking resemblance to Sufi methods of Quranic interpretation. Orthodox Muslims opposed to Sufism argue that Sufi interpretations are indeed eisegesis in other words the Sufis are ascribing an inner meaning which the verses themselves do not contain. Fazlur Rahman in his work Islam states, the Sufis, in order to justify their stand, formulated (ie. verbally invented) statements, sometimes quite fanciful and historically completely fictitious, which they attributed to the Prophet. Rahman, 132,133,134.. J. Spencer Trimingham, The Sufi Orders in Islam (Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1971), 246.. Rahman, 140. Other authors also agree with Rahmans position on this point. A.J. Arberry argues that Abu Hamid al-Ghazali brought about Sufisms reconciliation and assimilation with orthodox Sunni theology and religious law, through a number of writings consolidated in the Ihyaulum al-din, which was written between 1099 and 1102 A.D. A.J. Arberry, Sufism An Account of the Mystics of Islam (London: George Allen Unwin Ltd., 1950), 74. . Ibn al-Arabi (1165-1240 A.D.) was one of the great Sufi masters of all time and is referred to as The Greatest Shaikh (al-Shaykh al-Akbar). Muslim opinion has always been split about Ibn al-Arabi: for some he is a great heretic; for others, a great saint. Ian Richard Netton, A Popular Dictionary of Islam (London: Curzon Press, 1992), 110.. Elliot Miller, Sufis The Mystical Muslims, Forward (Spring/Summer 1986), 17-23.. Martin Lings, What is Sufism? (London: George Allen Unwin Ltd., 1975), 84, 85, 99.. Dara Shikoh (also spelled Shukuh) was a Sufi of the Qadiriyyah order and a devout Muslim according to Seyyed Hossein Nasr. Shukuh believed the Upanishads to be the Hidden Books to which the Quran refers (lvi. 77-80) and wrote that they contain the essence of unity and they are secrets which have to be kept hidden. Nasr states that it is enough to read Shukuhs translation of any of the Upanishads to realize that he was not only translating words into Persian but also ideas into the framework of Sufism. However, as usual Nasr follows up with a statement denying that this is an attempt to syncretize, once again revealing a blatant disregard for the evidence presented, not to mention a complete lack of logical thought. The members of one popular order (the Mawlawiyya) begun by Jalal ad-Din Rumi (d. 1273) are the origin of the Western term whirling dervishes John Alden Williams, ed., Islam (New York: George Brazillier, 1962), 155-156.. Idries Shah, Reflections Fables in the Sufi Tradition (Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1972), 1.; Miller, 20..

Differences Between Business Strategies and Functional Tactics Essay ex

Differences Between Business Strategies and Functional Tactics 1. FUNCTIONAL TACTICS Functional tactics are the key, routine activities that must be undertaken in each functional area that is human resource management, marketing, finance, production/operations and research and development to provide the business ‘s products and services. Hence functional tactics translate thought (grand strategy) into action designed to accomplish specific short- term objectives. Every value chain activity in a company executes functional tactics that support the business’s strategy and help accomplish strategic objectives. 1.1 Differences Between Business Strategies and Functional Tactics - Functional tactics are different from business or corporate strategies in three fundamental ways: i. Time horizon. ii. Specificity. iii. Participants who develop them. Time Horizon - Functional tactics identify activities to be undertaken â€Å"now† or in the immediate future. Business strategies focus on the firm’s posture three to five years out. - The shorter time horizon of functional tactics is critical to the successful implementation of a business strategy for two reasons. i. First, it focuses the attention of functional managers on what needs to be done now to make the business strategy work. ii. Secondly, it allows functional managers to adjust to changing current conditions. Specificity Functional tactics are more specific than business strategies. Business strategies provide general direction. Functional tactics identify the specific activities that are to be undertaken in each functional area and thus allow operating managers to work out how their unit is expected to pursue short-term objectives. Specificity in functional tactics contributes to successful implementation by: - Helping ensure that functional managers know what needs to be done and can focus on accomplishing results. - Clarifying for top management how functional managers intend to accomplish the business strategy, which increases top management’s confidence in and sense of control over the business strategy. - Facilitating coordination among operating units within the firm by clarifying areas of interdependence and potential conflict. Participants Different people participate in strat... ... Beecham Kenya 2000 - 3. Flat organizations – Microsoft and dotcom companies - - 4. Increased responsiveness to customers NB. BPR requires maintenance of Key Performance Indicators on Quality, Lead time, Cost and Service. CONSEQUENCES - As BPR efforts progress, one of the first phenomena is excess capacity. As processes are re-engineered, even more capacity is discovered. The most frequent response is downsizing. - BPR suggests that old practices must be â€Å"obliterated† and new processes designed from scratch to fully leverage new technologies and business realities. In practice, few managers have the luxury of re-designing their processes or organizations from â€Å"clean sheet of paper† - people, equipment and business knowledge cannot be so easily scrapped. Furthermore, organizational change almost inevitability becomes a learning process in which unanticipated obstacles and opportunities emerge. Reference: - Pearce & Robinson – Strategic Management - Readings on bus 6020 - Henry J. Johansson – Business Processing Engineering

Career Development in Insurance Sector Essay

Potential for career development in insurance sector is most vibrant topic today. One Million plus persons are working today as an employees in Insurance sector and 5 Million plus persons are associated with this sector as Agents, Consultants, Surveyors, Loss Assessors, Underwriters, Claim Settlers, Salvage Dealers, Brokers, Sub-brokers, etc etc. The growth rate in Insurance Sector is more than 20% in last 3 years. There is huge potential for development in Insurance sector. The sector is under developed and penetration of insurance is very very low in the country compared to other developing and developed countries. India is leading towards one of the strongest economy of the world by 2020 and it is international phenomenon that insurance sector always booms along with growing economy. Insurance Services are the foundation for smooth functioning of all business & commercial activities. Insurance is the backbone of overall economy of the country. For the developing country like India where growth of the economy is at double digit rate, Insurance talent is inevitable. All Industries in this scenario can be monetarily well protected from all types of catastrophic and manmade risks. Insurance is a vehicle for growth in growing economies. The whole world is looking at India as one of the giant and Asian tiger in next 8 to 10 years. All this is true. But very interesting fact of the today is that no one is aware about the exact potential of career development and opportunities in Insurance Sector. This article is dedicated to find the facts and figures about career development opportunities in Insurance Sector in India. This is an effort to enlighten and guide the readers, employees, students, stake holders to understand the facts and facets of insurance sector and how one can develop long term career in Insurance Sector. The article will review all aspects of insurance sector and discuss †¢ Opportunities for Career Development †¢ Growth potential in Insurance Sector †¢ Changing Scenario of Insurance Sector †¢ Manpower & Skill Sets Required by Insurance Sector †¢ Regulatory Changes in Insurance Sector †¢ New trends and Developments †¢ International Impacts †¢ Present Academic Scenario †¢ Available Educational Facilities †¢ Recent Educational & Academic Developments †¢ Speed and growth cycles of career enhancement in Insurance Sector †¢ Salary Packages at Entry Levels, Middle Level and Top Level †¢ How to improve Employibility and Skill Sets †¢ Career Opportunities Outside India †¢ Subsectors in Insurance for Career Development †¢ Preparing Career Development Path in Insurance Sector †¢ Challenges & Opportunities for Career Development in Insurance Sector, †¢ FAQs i.e. Frequently Asked Questions @ Career Opportunities in Insurance Sector, etc After 25 years of experience in Insurance Sector and witnessing the changing scenario of insurance sector after IRDA, I have noticed that the present and future workforce in Insurance sector is totally puzzled about the career enhancement and confused to find a road map for growth. Thousands of Career Fairs & Exhibitions across the country are covering all sectors for career opportunities like IT, BPO, ITES, Engineering, Automobile, Management, Finance, Medical, Health Care, Accounts, Law, Company affairs, etc, nobody is talking about insurance sector for career development. People believe that insurance is a small part of finance sector and it need not be cared beyond mere selling of insurance prod ucts. Unfortunately I have to state that working employees, students, parents, media, academicians, colleges, universities, top executives of insurance sector and society as a whole are not aware about the exact potential and scope of career enhancement in Insurance Sector. Working in insurance sector is always a secondary thought and society hesitate to honour career in insurance sector. Association in insurance activity is always presumed as below status career. This prejudice attitude towards insurance sector is a great harm for new entrants and career growth of current workforce. This is ironical that due to this negative attitude, the new generation is neglecting and under estimating a golden opportunity of developing gorgeous career in insurance sector. It is more unfortunate that after more than 100 years of commencement of insurance business activity in our country, the academicians, regulators and top executives in Insurance Sector have ignored the need and importance of improving the brand image of insurance sector. Growth Potential in Insurance Sector in India * Insurance is one of the fastest growing sector in India. Hardly 6 % of the population of the country has covered by life Insurance. The penetration is as low as 0.9 % in general insurance. Health Insurance has reached to merely 3 % of the population. In country like USA, where the population is @ 35 Crores, there are more than 6000 companies are engaged in insurance business. In India, population is more than 110 crores and hardly 52 companies are working in Insurance Sector. If we assume that only 50% population is insurable, still we need 10,000 companies to cater the need of 55 Crore people. Only Life Insurance sector has grown to certain extent and people say that I wish to purchase LIC policy for my car or LIC policy for stocks in my factory. Only compulsory policies of general insurance sector have been sold like motor policies and fire and industrial policies. Large number of general insurance products are not even known to the employees of general insurance companies. Thanks to electro mechanical equipments, scientific development and commercialization of medical profession, health insurance penetration has reached to 3 % of population. Still this number is very poor comparing to developed countries. Central Government has targeted Life Insurance Penetration to 40 %, Health Insurance at 30 % and General Insurance at 15 % of the population by 2030. This will create very huge potential for development in insurance Sector. The insurance business was merely 12 Billion US $ by 2000 which has reached to approximately 100 Billion US $ by 2012 and is now expected to grow 1000 Billion US $ by 2020 and 5000 Billion US $ by 2030. * Approval of Bill of 49% FDI in Insurance sector is long awaited. Once it is enacted, the number of insurance companies may rise to @ 150 to 200 in next 7-8 years. There is immense potential for insurance industry to grow. At present there are 24 Life, 27 Non Life and 1 Reinsurance, thus total 52 Insurance companies are in insurance business. Out of this, 4 companies are working exclusively as Health Insurance Companies. 334 insurance broking companies, 800+ corporate agents and thousands of banks have entered in insurance business. Third Party Administer (TPAs) Companies in Health Sector are 29 and TPAs growing in Automobile and Legal Sector. The specialized functions in insurance sector are slowly outsourced and lot many new companies will enter in this area. International insurance surveyors, loss assessors, adjuster, underwriters, claim settlers, have already entered in India and expanding their business activities. Even the world insurance and finance giants like Warren Buffet, Lloyds, Munich Re, Swiss Re, have entered in India. * Health insurance is developing as separate branch of Insurance. It is expected that the number of health insurance companies will be equal to the number of life insurance companies in near future. Bancassurance is also developing as Separate branch of Insurance. People is India have more faith in banks than insurance agents. Many banks have already entered into insurance business and lot more in pipeline. Banks find insurance as growth vehicle. At present only GIC of India is the reinsurance company in the country. But government is now thinking over allowing many more international reinsurance companies in India. In few years, we may find 5 independent branches of insurance in India as Life, General, Health, Bancassurance & Reinsurance. * India is becoming Insurance Hub of the world. Giant insurance companies from across the globe are outsourcing core insurance functions to India. IT infrastructure in the country and new generation Indian Talent are attracting world insurance business for core functions for cost effective solutions. Indian software companies are leading in this race. Even BPO in Insurance Sector is growing very fast. All this require technical and domain skills sets of Insurance functions. This IT, ITES and BPO business in Insurance Sector from outside India is expected to rise to 1000 Billion US $ by 2025 It is believed that next boom is in insurance sector. Insurance will play key role in boosting economy further. In India, next 25 years will be dominated by Insurance Sector. The growth is expected at horizontal as well as vertical levels. It will be from inside the country and from outside the country. Changing Scenario in Insurance Business in India * Insurance was strictly dominated by Agents and Development officers till 2000. But IRDA has opened up new distribution channels such as Corporate Agent, Insurance Broker, Bancassurance, Mallasurance, Online Sale of Insurance, Direct Sale, etc. These new channels are growth engines of the insurance industry. One interesting aspect of this growth is that Insurance Sector is heading towards SERVICING from merely Selling. The mantra of â€Å"Sell it and Forget it† is now converting as â€Å"Service & Retain Client†. This requires Core insurance knowledge and not merely Selling Expertise. * The commission rates of insurance agents are slowly getting downward trend. The servicing of client is now taken care by customer servicing department. The Technology has now key role in policyholders servicing and provides better knowledge and expertise than agents. Companies are now offering new gate ways for renewal commissions like through internet banking, ATMs, ECS, Mobile banking, etc. It has reduced the dependency of policyholders on agents for timely renewal of existing policies. * Government is slowly removing the Income Tax rebates from insurance policies. It has already signaled the same and introduced few provisions in current budget by restricting the percentage of amount of premium with the sum assured of any policy. * Product Development and new innovative policies has changed the olden rules of the selling game. Merely begging for insurance or forcing a policy will not exist anymore. The 35 % commissioned policy selling dominance will be eroded. . * Insurance is Risk Cover or Investment is a matter of debate but common policyholder is now diverting to PURE Insurance products such as Term Insurance. The ULIP Story between IRDA and SEBI has focused on a need of domain insurance talent. * There is certainly reasonable improvement in policyholder’s awareness and knowledge about insurance. Government, IRDA and NGOs like FIBLI, insurance companies and related stake holders are concentrating on customer education, literacy and awareness about insurance products and services through advertisements, seminars, workshops, comics, e-literature, animated films, etc. * As Insurance need is vertical as well as horizontal, the insurance business is spreading across the country. Insurance companies are focusing and spreading network in rural markets as it has huge potential. Technological development is helping this drive of rural expansion. * Health Insurance and Bancassurance sectors will grow drastically. General Insurance Sector will also develop. In life Insurance Sector, Term Insurance Business will dominate. * In future, Online Insurance will have a key role in new business. * It will be difficult to get insurance claims in future. There will be huge scope for Claim consultants who will help people to get insurance claims. * Insurance sector will slowly dominate the economy and there will be overall developments in insurance sector. There will huge revenue generation form insurance business in India as well as outsourced insurance business from outside India. Employability Potential in Insurance Sector As insurance sector is growing with 20% rate, there will be a huge requirement of Insurance professionals in the country. * NSDC Report – National Skill Development Corporation has estimated the job creations of 2 Million persons in insurance and banking sector by 2021 in its latest report. * CII Report – The recent survey of Confederation of Indian Industries estimated that there is a need of @ 21 lakhs insurance educated employees by 2025. * ASSOCHEM Report on Insurance Sector – It has pointed out on employability potential in Insurance Sector in its latest report. The report has estimated manpower requirement to be 30 Lakhs by 2030. The job creation in insurance sector will be across the country as insurance business is spreading across the country. The innovative distribution channels will play a vital role in insurance penetration and of course, technology will be a great supportive tool for this development. The manpower is required across the country. Insurance companies, banks and financial services providers are focusing and spreading network in rural markets as it has huge potential. It will generate huge employability not only at Metro and urban areas but at semi urban and rural levels, too. At present there are 52 companies, 334 brokers, 1200 + banks, 29 TPAs, 2000 IT, ITES & BPO companies, 400 surveyor and other insurance services provider companies are working in India. The number will rise to double or triple in next 8 to 10 years. These companies will have offices across the country and will generate jobs across the country. Career Development Path in Insurance Sector Till IRDA, insurance career was dominated by selling activity. It is the assumed misconception that any career in insurance sector will have to be connected with selling of insurance products. The Insurance Agents and Development Officers community in the country has coloured insurance policy selling with either begging of insurance or forcing for insurance. The rebating in insurance premium has eroded insurance profession as under privileged one. After IRDA and entry of corporate insurance companies, the face of insurance career was always compared with the face of poor insurance agent. Career in Insurance was always neglected one and approach towards it was one of the ridiculous one. But the situation is now changing drastically. Career in Insurance is not merely a selling activity. Insurance Sector require domain technical knowledge. The employees with core insurance competency can only grow henceforth. After a decade of privatization, corporate companies have understood that insurance is not a FMCG product and one must possess technical skills and fundamental knowledge to exist & grow in this market. Servicing will be key for growth and for this, one require domain expertise. For new entrants, any graduation with specialized diploma in insurance domain like underwriting, claims, motor insurance, health insurance, bancassurance, reinsurance, liability insurance, aviation insurance, engineering insurance, agricultural insurance, marine insurance, etc will be helpful to enter in insurance sector. One has to improve his academic qualification and scope of skills by adding various diplomas from various streams of insurance. As one grows with experience, this academic excellence and expansion will improve his employibilty and scope of promotions and growth. For existing employees, one has to improve his academic position along with experience. Mere experience will not help beyond certain limit. As we expect 49 % FDI and steep increase in number of insurance companies, the existing employees will have clear advantage to grow. But for this, they must obtain domains skills and competency through academic enhancement. The present employee in insurance sector should focus on overall and multi dimensional development in his capacities, skill sets and academic qualifications. The candidate with multifaceted core skills will have better opportunities over general candidate. He should not limit himself only to underwriting or claims. He should always seek for more and more knowledge. One can select a sector of insurance like Life or general or health for developing his career path but he should be equipped with qualifications and skills of other sectors also. It will widen the scope of opportunities available to him. Salary Packages In Insurance Sector As per the present scenario in Insurance Sector, one may join insurance company at entry level with a annual package of @ Rs.1.2 lakh to 1.5 Lakh. He may be designated as Associate or Assistant. In 3-4 years, he may grow to higher position with a scale of Rs. 3 to 4 Lakhs if he has academic qualifications with experience. After 6-8 years after joining insurance, one may easily grow to annual package of 7 to 10 Lakhs. After 12 to 15 years, one may dream to annual package of Rs.15 to 20 Lakhs. Of course, this needs academic up gradation and continuous improvement of domain skills. This trend may continue for next 20 years as there is long term and inside outside country potential. The speed of career growth and expansion is smooth and fast in insurance sector than perhaps any other sector in the country. But it needs hard work, academic excellence and aggressive approach towards opportunities. I will share one practical example here. The employees who joined insurance sector in the newly entrant companies like Bajaj Allianz, HDFC, ICICI etc between 2001 to 2003 were drawing annual salary package of 1.5 to 2.5 lakhs. They are now grown to key positions in new companies after 8 to 10 years with annual packages of Rs.20 to 25 Lakhs. Some of them have even clinched packages of 40 to 50 Lakhs per annum. Skill Sets Requirements by Insurance Sector At present, man power requirements are basically skilled based. Employees with academic qualifications are encouraged for promotions. Fresher with academic qualification in insurance are preferred. At present, Insurance Companies recruit freshers and train them for 6 months or one year. But the attrition rate is so high that more than 42 % of new recruits leaves the company. Insurance companies are seriously concerned over the expenditure on training and the rate of turnout. They are looking for employees who have been already trained and having domain academic qualifications. Insurance Companies have found that domain knowledge will improve selling, servicing, operations and all other functions. New companies prefer persons with experience and academic qualifications. Skill sets required by the insurance sector are underwriting skills, claim handling skills, operational skills, servicing skills, risk assessment and classification skills, insurance product skills, distribution channel operating skills, coordination skills, IT skills with domain knowledge, insurance accountancy skills, etc.

Global Warming: Causes, Effects, and Solutions Essay

Global Warming is the rise in the average temperature of Earth’s atmosphere and oceans since the late 19th century and its projected continuation. Many people do not see this as a problem. However, it is currently a huge issue that is often talked about among scientists and many other people. Global Warming is caused by many different things. Greenhouse gases, deforestation, and solar activity are three different proven facts that cause global warming. Global warming is not something that is going to disappear; it is only going to get worse if people do not start doing something about it. The main cause of global warming is the burning of greenhouse gases. Some of the main gases are: carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and the loss of forests. Most of the harmful gasses are emitted by humans through the combustion of fossil fuels in cars, factories, and electricity production. But why and how do these specific gases cause global warming, it is because all of these gases have very different heat-trapping abilities. A molecule of methane produces more than 20 times the warming of a molecule of CO2. Nitrous oxide is 300 times more powerful than CO2. Other gases, such as chlorofluorocarbons (which have been banned in much of the world because they also degrade the ozone layer), have heat-trapping potential thousands of times greater than CO2. But because their concentrations are much lower than CO2, none of these gases adds as much warmth to the atmosphere as CO2 does. Trees provide an important ecosystem function by storing carbon, a cause of climate change, in their biomass. Currently the world’s forests store 283 billion tons of carbon in their biomass. Half the world’s tropical forests have been cleared or degraded. Every hour, at least 4,500 acres of forest fall to chain saws, machetes, flames, or bulldozers. In 2012 three million hectares of mature forests were cut down. This is a causing effect to global warming and continues to rise every year. Something called solar activity is also reasoning behind global warming. Solar activity is simply the amount of heat that comes off of the sun. Scientists can tell that solar activity contributes to global warming because there have been recent changes in temperatures at different levels in the Earth’s atmosphere. There are models showing how the greenhouse effect is warming the lower part of the atmosphere (known as the troposphere) but cooling the upper atmosphere (known as the stratosphere). However, if the sun was responsible for the observed warming, warming of both the troposphere and stratosphere would be expected. Global warming also has countless numbers of effects in the environment. It has been proven that the increase in Earth’s average temperatures have already been causing tons of ice to melt worldwide, also causing sea levels to increase over time. It is also causing precipitation to increase worldwide on average. It is predicted that if we do not stop global warming other effects could happen later this century; such as; Hurricanes and other storms becoming stronger, floods and droughts will become more common, and ecosystems will change to the point of some becoming extinct. All of this stuff may not sound that bad, but you have to think that over centuries and centuries it is only going to keep getting worse. There are things we can do to help this, to solve this. If the human race were refrain from using greenhouse gases, or even stop using them all together, it would help immensely. Depending on our choices scientists say it can only increase by 2. 5 degrees, or increase by 10. There are also other options to reduce the gases we emit into the atmosphere. We could try to decrease them by increasing the amount of gases we take out of the atmosphere. This can be achieved by planting more trees, increasing forestlands, and changing the way we farm. All of these things would help to increase the amount of carbon dioxide we are storing. Global warming is something that is still around today and will continue to be around if we do not decide to do something about it. There are many causes of it, some to which are still unknown to scientists. For every cause there is an effect, and this unfortunately is not a good thing for Earth. However there are solutions to reverse the effect of global warming. Even though some of these ideas have fallbacks, there are a variety of options that put us on a path toward a more stable climate. Work Cited: 1. http://environment. nationalgeographic. com/environment/global-warming/gw-solutions 2. http://www. facingthefuture. org 3. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Global_warming#Solar_activity Video: 1. http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=ROZJmX73FF4

Best Article Directory For Submit Your Article For Free. Essay Example

Best Article Directory For Submit Your Article For Free. Essay Example Best Article Directory For Submit Your Article For Free. Essay Best Article Directory For Submit Your Article For Free. Essay The foremost article directory on the internet, bar-room no one that I’m currently aware of, is yashveer.com. Currently, it is the immense fish in the pond. But, I know there are a vast various other exceedingly well-mannered article directories not at home there, and I don’t after to lessen those. I’ve seen people on the internet giving superficially sound opinion of picking harmonious article directory and submitting all your articles to it. If you’re followed this disciples of kindness, then I can grasp why you’re looking for the unexcelled article directory. But, that is a slightly iffy nearer, and I’ll publish you why. It’s like putting all your eggs in solitary basket. Yashveer.com is a terrific directory, yes, metrical the best article directory currently obsolete there, but what would happen if something catastrophic happened and all your articles went poof? Relying on no more than a single see trade horse’s mouth is ALWAYS, and I replicate, AS A LAST RESORT a unhealthy idea. So, aside from relying on only a person article directory, why else should you submit to multiple directories? Well, story fit is to get more backlinks. Every article you submit gets you another backlink to your site, giving you another penny of Google favor. But this isn’t yon SEO, it’s here conclusion the excellent article directory not at home there. And to wrap this up, I’ll clout that yes, article directory yashveer.com is the excellent, but don’t use it exclusively. On a bunch of other ones that you upon and employ them concurrently. That is your get the better of article submissiveness strategy. Why yashveer.com Is The Kindest Article Directory? You won’t remark all these benefits with other directories. Unbefitting you intent get back some of the benefits that congeal Free of charge submit article directory to one side as sui generis when compared to all other directories. There are other benefits but members are sworn to furtiveness (we don’t lack harry copying all secrets that make this the nicest Article Directory Online). Benefits Of The Best Article Directory Free Submit Article Directory: Inception Mode Technology: Design a bring to an end article sales paginate, catalogue well-known articles, create PDF articles. You are clever to idiosyncrasy images, links, video, flash, stuffed html abilities, advertising and more! Far-reaching Identities: If you like to finance your contrasting niches disassemble, this at large submit article directory gives you the know-how to conceive numberless draft names. Each one has a unequalled profile page, and myriad initiator resource boxes. Every net profit servant allows the chance to together to the websites of your choice. No External Advertising: You won’t hanging back-end profit from your above being leeched by a barrage of adverts. Another utility of not having countless links away from article side is that the Page Prestige that you built sooner than bookmarking your article and driving above to it purpose reinforcement with your page. The edge of that is a higher position in the Search Machine results. Ride Leverage Technology: Just like not all Article Directories are created fitted, the Article Spinner that comes with Article Promotions is far to superior to other Article Spinners. The yashveer.com spinner is not a â€Å"unearth and substitute† spinner, nor is it a computer controlled spinner that exchanges words with synonyms etc. It is fully human controlled giving a best article every relate no editing required. And it gives a unexcelled superiority score that is unmatched. Auto Syndication Technology: If you really want to pinnacle fringe benefits from your articles, you have need of to promote them to other syndication sites. This is made one click compliant during the built-in auto syndicator that comes with yashveer.com. Scads of the over 150 sites syndicated to are only ready using the provided tool, so your articles will not be promoted to a throw-away instal that has no value. Milquetoast Feed Technology: yashveer.com also allows you to submit your spun articles to your WordPress blog using trickle silage technology. This means that you can embark the articles to be posted at predefined intervals on to your blog. This can either be in plain printed matter, or in html version. Allowing you a hands fixed automated practice of building your blogs. Resources: yashveer.com provides you with video training, live out webinar training, an on the go members forum, and other resources exclusive available to members. No other article directory comes airless to sacrifice the power and back-up second that comes with yashveer.com.